Social Sciences in China (Chinese Edition)

No. 1, 2025

Archaeological Observations on the Path and Pattern of the Origin of Chinese Civilization in the Central Plains

(Abstract)

Wei Xingtao

The origin of Chinese civilization reflects an evolutionary transition from diversity to unity, with the Central Plains standing out as a key area in this process. Archaeological discoveries in this area, particularly in western Henan Province and southwestern Shanxi Province, provide crucial insights into the paths and patterns that shaped the origins of Chinese civilization. The Neolithic civilization in western Henan and southwestern Shanxi primarily emerged during the middle stage of the Yangshao culture and the two subsequent periods: the Miaodigou II and Longshan eras. The former represents the outcomes of prolonged cultural development and gradual social progress. It demonstrates that the initial civilization of the Central Plains followed a gradual development trajectory, characterized by the prevalence of secular ideas and pragmatic thought, which established the foundational characteristics and stylistic direction of ancient Chinese civilization. In contrast, the latter, exemplified by the Qingliangsi Cemetery, shows pronounced stratification and a strong prevalence of primitive religious superstitions. This mode reflects the integration of cultural factors from surrounding areas into the Central Plains, marking an early stage of diversified civilization development. These two evolutionary modes reveal the early characteristics of the diversified and integrated Chinese civilization. Following the period of diversification and the convergence of factors from neighboring regions, Chinese civilization advanced to a higher stage of development, culminating in the splendid and mature civilization of the Three Dynasties.